Acta Agrícola y Pecuaria

COSTOS DE PRODUCCIÓN Y RENTABILIDAD DE LA MELIPONICULTURA EN LOCALIDADES RURALES DE YUCATÁN, MÉXICO

2022-08-17T02:53:54+00:00

The objective of this study was to determine the production costs and profitability indicators of meliponiculture in rural localities of Yucatan. The information was obtained through a semi-structured interview card applied to producers in twelve localities of two regions of the state of Yucatan, the sampling technique was that of referrals and the analysis of the information was carried out based on descriptive and correlational statistics. It was found that the structure of production costs is composed mainly by the depreciation of assets, the profit per colony was greater than five hundred pesos, the cost-benefit ratio was three to one and the annual rate of return on investment was greater than pay CETES. The meliponicola activity is profitable and important in the family economy, contributes to the conservation of animal genetic resources and is an alternative development for rural communities.

ILLUSTRATED TAXONOMIC KEY TO SPECIES OF CITRUS BRANCH BORERS FROM APATZINGÁN VALLEY, MICHOACÁN

2024-12-11T23:36:08+00:00

The Apatzingán Valley, in the state of Michoacán, is the main citrus-producing area nationwide. In this region, the presence of five species of branch borer insects has been recorded in Mexican lemon, Persian lemon, and grapefruit orchards. This paper reports the first illustrated taxonomic key of these five species of borer insects, which was elaborated with easily recognizable characters. The key was constructed from the analysis of 157 adults recovered from exhaustive monitoring in several citrus orchards in the Apatzingán Valley region between August/2018-February/2019 and May/2019-March/2020. Of the total, 22 adults corresponded to Amphicerus cornutus (Bostrichidae), 13 to Dendrobias mandibularis, 57 to Eutrichillus comus, 48 to Psyrassa cylindricollis, and 17 to Rhopalophora cupricollis (Cerambycidae). The primary users of this identification tool will be the technical staff in charge of the health of the orchards.

PROPOSAL FOR A CULTURE MEDIUM FOR THE IN VITRO ROOTING OF AGAVE ANGUSTIFOLIA HAW (ASPARAGALES: ASPARAGACEAE)

2024-04-19T13:43:49+00:00

The objective of the work was to determine the concentration and type of auxin for the rooting of Agave angustifolia Haw, and ex vitro acclimatization methodology. 24 plants were established in a liquid medium; the auxins used were: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in concentrations of 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mg L^-1, one week later 12 plants were placed in semi-solid medium without auxins and the rest were kept in liquid medium. The variables evaluated were: rooting percentage; number (NR), and length of roots (LR). The best results were obtained with ANA to 67 – 100% rooting. The NR and LR were higher in semi-solid medium with a range of 1.87 - 13.75 and for liquid medium with 0.27 - 0.61 cm, respectively. With the acclimatization methodology, survival was greater than 90%. It was determined that with ANA the best results are obtained for NR and LR.

Palatability of four cereals used to feed lambs

2024-01-17T13:38:49+00:00

The palatability of feeds is variable and is affected by different factors. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the palatability of yellow corn, barley, red sorghum and brown sorghum grain in lambs. Palatability tests of two and four way-choice were carried out on eight lambs. Grain intake and preference were measured. A linear mixed model was used where the fixed factor was: type of grain, day and their interaction; the random factor was the lamb. It was shown that the intake and preference of yellow corn, barley and sorghums were similar in the two-way choice, except for the preference for brown sorghum that was greater than barley. In the four options, consumption and preference was lower in brown sorghum. The differences in cereal consumption could be related to the digestibility of the cereals and their combination.

Postharvest quality of lulo fruits (Solanum quitoense Lamarck)

2023-06-13T11:21:26+00:00

The lulo is native to South America, with a growth potential in Mexico. The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality of lulo (green, turning and orange), produced in Huatusco, Veracruz, Mexico and to apply some treatments to prolong its shelf life (Control and 1-MCP: 300 ppb; room temperature (20 °C and 60% RH) and cold storage (8.0 °C and 90% RH). The results showed that 1-MCP reduced the fruit weight loss, but in the green fruits provoked no change of color, maintained their acidity and low °Bx values. The fruits kept at room temperature had a higher content of vitamin C and phenols, antioxidant capacity and a shelf life of 7 days after harvest, the same as the fruits after 2 weeks of cold storage. It is recommended to harvest the lulo fruits in a turning color since it develops better organoleptic characteristics

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2024-05-26T05:30:10+00:00

Agave cupreata is a species impacted by soft rot caused by Scyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil) described as a vector of the disease, but the diversity of culturable bacteria that reside in the digestive tract of the weevil, which can be a source of infection for the weevil, is unknown. already described. Therefore, we collected weevils in three communities, in which we cultured the digestive tracts and selected 20 strains in which we evaluated their microbial metabolism, their antibiotic resistance profile and their ability to cause symptoms. in pieces of agave leaf and stem under sterile conditions, and after 21 days signs were found on the stem and the same inoculated strain was re-isolated in two of them. The strains causing the symptoms were identified; Pseudomonas putida, Serratia marcescens, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Aeromona salmonicida, with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. These data are important to understand that there are more microorganisms that cause signs in the agave and that the weevil is one of the main vectors, and we must do more detailed investigations to confirm the results to apply control measures for the vectors and bacteria that cause the disease decay smooth in A. cupreata.

AGRONOMIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL SCREENING OF AMERICAN JATROPHA CURCAS L. ACCESSIONS FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT IN BIOFUELS PRODUCTION

2024-07-31T00:13:17+00:00

J. curcas is a potential biomass source for biofuels production. This study evaluated the phenotypic variation of 10 Jatropha curcas L. accessions, sevenfrom México (Chiapas and Yucatan) and three from Honduras, based on four agronomic traits and 15 morphological characters of plants, fruits and seeds, in Yucatán, México for future crop improvement. The greatest variation among accessions was explained by the morphological plant characters (37%) followed by the yield and seed proportions (22%). Two Yucatan accessions had the lowest plant proportions and the highest agronomic yield, two Chiapas accessions had both high plant proportions and agronomic yield while all Honduras accessions had both low plant proportions and agronomic yield. The dissimilarity analysis grouped the accessions based on their geographical origin, agronomic yield and by proportions of plants, fruits and seeds. The agromorphological characterization of J. curcas allowed the identification of accessions with desirable traits for parent selection in breeding programs.

Morpho-agronomic, physiological, nutritional, and nutraceutical evaluation of 10 native populations of Cucurbita moschata D. from southeastern Mexico.

2025-01-07T05:00:16+00:00

Cucurbita moschata D. is a species with great agro-industrial, nutritional, and medicinal potential due to its versatile uses in flowers, fruits, and seeds. However, the loss of traditional varieties, driven by their replacement with other crops, highlights the need to select materials with outstanding qualities. This study evaluated the agromorphological and physiological variability of 10 populations collected in Yucatán, Mexico, as well as the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of their fruits. Populations JMC2020-501, JMC2020-513, and JMC2020-514 stood out in fruit and seed traits, while JMC2020-518 excelled in photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. In nutraceutical quality, JMC2020-501, JMC2020-502, and JMC2020-514 exhibited high carotenoid and flavonoid content, while JMC2020-502 and JMC2020-519 had elevated vitamin C levels. This study highlights the potential of these populations for genetic improvement programs and the promotion of sustainable and native crop production.

FERTILIZACIÓN CON FÓSFORO EN ZARZA (Aeschynomene americana CV BRAVA): PRODUCCIÓN DE MATERIA SECA Y VALOR NUTRICIONAL

2022-03-29T13:43:59+00:00

En Argentina la producción ganadera se basa en el pastoreo de grandes extensiones de pastos nativos, que en muchos casos se observan degradados. Además, la producción ganadera a pasto está significativamente limitada por su baja calidad de nutrientes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización fosfórica sobre la producción y calidad de materia seca aérea y valor nutricional de la fabácea forrajera zarza (Aeschynomene americana cv. Brava). El estudio se realizó en la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA) Corrientes del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria en El Sombrerito, Corrientes, Argentina. Se realizaron tres tratamientos de fertilización fosfatada con superfosfato triple (P2O5) el cual contiene un 46 % de fosforo (P), quedando conformados los siguientes tratamientos (T): T0 = Control (0 % de PO4), T1 = 50 kg de PO4 y T2 = 100 kg de PO4. En cuanto a la producción de materia seca (MS), se observó diferencia (P < 0.05) entre los tratamientos en el primer corte realizado a los 65 días después de la siembra, en el cual aquellos tratamientos que se fertilizaron (T1 y T2) produjeron mayor MS respecto al testigo (T0). Sin embargo, entre las dosis de P utilizadas no se observó diferencia en la MS. En cuanto al parámetro cantidad de proteína cruda (PC), en hoja de A. americana, no se encontraron diferencias significativas (P > 0.05). La elevada producción de MS de las plantas, indistintamente de la cantidad de P utilizado, sugiere que el P puede ser aplicado en dosis mínima que favorezca la implantación en los primeros días, sin incidir en su crecimiento posterior.

EXTRACTO DE ACEITE DE NIM Y CHICALOTE EN EL CONTROL DE Plutella xylostella (L.) EN COL

2024-12-12T01:13:04+00:00

Cabbage is a vegetable grown in the Tecamachalco District, Puebla, and is affected by Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758). Agrochemicals are used to control it, which cause damage to the environment, beneficial insects and humans. This work was carried out with the objective of testing the effect of neem and chicalote extracts on the diamondback moth in cabbage crops in the Tecamachalco District, Puebla. The following treatments were evaluated: (1) Control (water), (2) Sunflower oil alternated with soap, (3) Commercial neem oil alternated with soap, (4) Chicalote oil (Argemone mexicana) alternated with soap. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with four repetitions and the variables evaluated were a) number of larvae per plant, b) average damage and c) production. The best treatment was chicalote oil alternated with soap application, increasing production by 58% compared to the control.

Impact of microbial biostimulants on seedlings and fruit yield of serrano pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under macrotunnel cultivation

2023-12-30T06:37:20+00:00

The use of microbial biostimulants is an environmentally friendly agricultural practice and is employed in sustainable farming. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three microbial biostimulants on seedling development, fruit size, and weight of serrano pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under macrotunnel conditions. The treatments evaluated were: 1) Genifix®, 2) Trichoderma, 3) Bio-Terra, and 4) control. For seedlings, the response variable was dry weight. For fruits, the variables measured were weight, equatorial diameter, and polar diameter of 20 fruits. Genifix® had a significant effect, increasing seedling dry weight by an average of 0.15 g. When analyzing three serrano pepper harvests together, the biostimulants Genifix® and Trichoderma significantly increased fruit weight by 0.76 g and 0.54 g, respectively. The evaluated biostimulants represent an alternative to improve the quality and yield of serrano pepper, as well as to promote good seedling development.

Coliforms and Salmonella spp. in water supply points in the western zone of the city of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.

2024-11-22T01:52:28+00:00

The presence of total and fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. represents a health risk for the population. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of total and fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. in five purified water outlets in the western area of the city of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Five water outlets were sampled during the period from October 2023 to January 2024. The presence of total coliforms and Salmonella spp. was detected in two of the sampled establishments. This situation calls for reconsideration of the sanitation measures for the equipment used to dispense purified water in the western area of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.

Elaboration and validation of a diagrammatic scale to assess powdery mildew severity in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

2025-03-02T14:22:30+00:00

La cenicilla del chabacano, causada por el hongo Podosphaera spp., es uno de los factores más importantes que limitan la producción del chabacano (Prunus armeniaca L.) a nivel mundial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar y validar una escala diagramática para evaluar la severidad de la cenicilla del chabacano. Se consideraron los límites mínimos y máximos de la severidad de la enfermedad en campo. La escala logarítmica se desarrolló con el software 2 log v1.0. La escala logarítmica se diseñó con 5 clases (0, 6.1, 36.2, 83.2 and 97.7%) y fue evaluada de acuerdo con su exactitud, precisión y reproducibilidad, por 13 evaluadores sin experiencia previa; utilizando 60 hojas con diferentes niveles de severidad, calculada previamente con el software Image Tool®. Una primera evaluación fue realizada sin la escala diagramática y 2 evaluaciones usando la escala con el mismo conjunto de hojas, con un intervalo de 7 días entre evaluaciones de los mismos evaluadores. La exactitud y precisión de cada evaluador fue determinada por regresión lineal entre la severidad actual y la estimada. La escala proporcionó una precisión r2=0.80-0.94 en la primera evaluación y de r2=0.84-0.94 en la segunda, lo cual demuestra la importancia del uso de estas herramientas para estudios epidemiológicos de campo que permitan determinar la intensidad epidémica, impactos productivos y medidas de manejo de esta enfermedad.

SECUESTRO DEL CARBONO: UN RETO DE LA GANADERÍA EXTENSIVA FRENTE AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO POR GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO

2024-11-26T23:52:15+00:00

El panorama frente al cambio climático no es nada alentador; ante tal problema ambiental, se debe hacer frente y buscar alternativas para mitigar los principales GEI (Gases de Efecto Invernadero), o al menos, los que tienen mayor impacto en dicho fenómeno. En la presente revisión, se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre la posibilidad de que los pastizales representan un importante reservorio potencial para almacenar carbono; ya que, a nivel mundial se cuenta con grandes extensiones. Sin embargo, este potencial probablemente depende de la manera en que se manejen los pastizales en los sistemas de pastoreo extensivo.

BIOFERTILIZERS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WITH EMPHASIS ON SUGARCANE: A REVIEW

2024-05-30T01:24:55+00:00

The study aims to identify the use of biofertilizers in crops and specifically in sugarcane, through bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database during the period from 1982 to May 2023. The criteria of the first search were: biofertilizer and crop, 1847 published articles were found, in the last ten years there was an increase (143.5%) in scientific production. The second search was defined to specifically identify articles related to biofertilizers in sugarcane, and the terms: biofertilizer and sugarcane were taken as criteria. This new search yielded a total of 136 references. The VOSviewer program version 1.16.17 was used to map co-occurrences. In conclusion, the use of biofertilizers can be an alternative to make the use of chemical fertilizers more efficient; This can be an effective and sustainable strategy to increase yield, while conserving and improving soil quality. The study of new sources of nutrients and fertilization is of great importance, which makes it possible to reduce the socioeconomic and ecological problems that chemical fertilizers have generated in the last five decades.