Abundancia de artrópodos en un monocultivo de maíz: un estudio comparativo de manejo agroecológico y convencional en Morelos, México
Keywords:
agroecology, biodiversity, agricultural management.Abstract
Los artrópodos son componentes clave de los agroecosistemas por su contribución al control biológico, la polinización y la descomposición de la materia orgánica. Este estudio comparó la abundancia de artrópodos en tres sistemas de monocultivo de maíz en Morelos, México: convencional con agroquímicos, agroecológico y agronatural (sin insumos externos). El estudio se realizó de julio a septiembre de 2024. En cada sistema se estableció una parcela de 2,400 m² y se realizaron muestreos semanales con una red entomológica en cinco puntos fijos y recorridos adicionales en zigzag en los bordes. Los artrópodos fueron identificados a nivel de orden y se registró su abundancia. Se detectaron doce órdenes, predominando Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera y Araneae. El sistema agronatural presentó la mayor abundancia (931 individuos), seguido del agroecológico (729 individuos), y del convencional (116 individuos). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre sistemas (p < 0.05), lo que sugiere que reducir insumos químicos favorece la abundancia de artrópodos y los servicios ecosistémicos asociados.
References
Altieri, M. A., Nicholls, C. I., Dinelli, G., & Negri, L. (2024). Towards an agroecological approach to crop health: reducing pest incidence through synergies between plant diversity and soil microbial ecology. Sustainable Agriculture, 2, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44264-024-00016-2
Bellamy, A. S., Svensson, O., Van Den Brink, P. J., Gunnarsson, J., & Tedengren, M. (2018). Insect commu nity composition and functional roles along a tropical agricultural production gradient. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 13426-13438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1818-4
Blaix, C., Dumont, B., Bloor, J. M. G., Zagaria, C., Fleurance, G., Joly, F., & Huguenin-Elie, O. (2026). Agroecological interventions increase biodiversity and the potential for climate change mitigation in Europe. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 395, 109938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.109938
Brunelle, T., Chakir, R., Carpentier, A., Dorin, B., Goll, D., Guilpart, N., Maggi, F., Makowski, D., Nesme, T., Roosen, J., & Tang, F. H. M. (2024). Reducing chemical inputs in agriculture requires a system change. Communications Earth & Environment, 5, 369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01533-1
Chavarria, D. N., Pérez-Brandan, C., Serri, D. L., Meriles, J. M., Restovich, S. B., Andriulo, A. E., Jacquelin, L., & Vargas-Gil, S. (2018). Response of soil microbial communities to agroecological versus conventional systems of extensive agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 264, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.05.008
Del-Val, E., Ramírez, E., & Astier, M. (2021). Comparison of arthropod communities between high and low input maize farms in Mexico. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience, 2, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-021-00060-9
Estrada-Carmona, N., Sánchez, A. C., Remans, R., & Jones, S. K. (2022). Complex agricultural landscapes host more biodiversity than simple ones: A global meta-analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(38), e2203385119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2203385119
González González, C., Lara Garcia, T., Jardón-Barbolla, L., & Benítez, M. (2020). Linking Coleopteran diversity with agricultural management of Maize-Based agroecosystems in Oaxaca, Mexico. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 590720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.590720
Järvinen, A., Hyvönen, T., Raiskio, S., & Himanen, S. J. (2023). Intercropping shifts the balance between generalist arthropod predators and oilseed pests towards natural pest control. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 348, 108415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108415
Jing, H., Liu, Y., & Hou, J. (2025). Impacts of agricultural intensification on biodiversity: Habitat loss, agrochemical use, water depletion, and soil degradation. Journal of Environmental Management, 395, 128036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128036
Madsen, S., Kerr, R. B., Kamilia, K., Cevallos, M. F., Bazille, C., Paracchini, M. L., & Wezel, A. (2025). Agroecology supports sustainable development in Africa. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 45, 34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-024-00976-2
Puliga, G. A., Sprangers, T., Huiting, H., & Dauber, J. (2024). Management practices influence biocontrol potential of generalist predators in maize cropping systems. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 172(2), 132-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13395
Rivers, A., Barbercheck, M., Govaerts, B., & Verhulst, N. (2016). Conservation agriculture affects arthropod community composition in a rainfed maize–wheat system in central Mexico. Applied Soil Ecology, 100, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.12.004
Țopa, D.-C., Căpșună, S., Calistru, A.-E., & Ailincăi, C. (2025). Sustainable practices for enhancing soil health and crop quality in modern agriculture: A Review. Agriculture, 15(9), 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15090998
Triplehorn, C. A., Johnson, N. F., & Borror, D. J. (2005). Borror and DeLong’s introduction to the study of insects. Thompson Brooks; Cole.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Agustín Jesús Gonzaga Segura, Humberto Reyes Prado , Tonatiuh Ocampo-Navarro, Juan Manuel Rivas-González
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
