Primer reporte de Fusarium graminearum causando tizón foliar y marchitez en ajonjolí (Sesamun indicum L.) en Guerrero, México

Carlos Alberto Adame-Montaño; Teolincacihuatl Romero-Rosales; Antonio Hernández-Polito; Evert Villanueva-Sánchez; Natividad Delfina Herrera-Castro; Héctor Ramón Segura-Pacheco

Authors

Carlos Alberto Adame-Montaño Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero
Teolincacihuatl Romero-Rosales Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero
Antonio Hernández-Polito Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero
Evert Villanueva-Sánchez Universidad Autónoma Chapingo
Natividad Delfina Herrera-Castro Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero
Héctor Ramón Segura-Pacheco Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero

Keywords:

Leaf spot, wilt, molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop grown in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. In Mexico, approximately 70,000 ha are cultivated annually, with Guerrero ranking as the second largest producing state. In 2023, symptoms of leaf blight and wilt were observed on sesame plants in experimental plots in Guerrero, Mexico. Symptoms began as small dark spots on leaves that expanded and coalesced, resulting in extensive blight, defoliation, and plant wilting. Symptomatic tissues were collected and incubated in moist chambers, and monospore cultures were obtained on potato dextrose agar. Pathogenicity tests on healthy 30-day-old plants reproduced the symptoms and fulfilled Koch’s postulates. The pathogen was identified through morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the TEF1, actin, and β-tubulin genes. Phylogenetic analysis placed the isolate within the Fusarium graminearum clade with strong support. This study represents the first report of F. graminearum causing leaf blight and wilt of sesame in Guerrero, Mexico.

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