POTASSIUM PHOSPHITES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERONOSPORA SPARSA AND THE FLORAL QUALITY OF THE CROP OF ROSA (Rosa hybrida) CV. SAMOURAI®
Abstract
Peronospora sparsa limits the production of rose as a cut flower up to 100%. The objectives were to evaluate the biological effectiveness of commercial formulations of potassium phosphite for the management of P. sparsa and its effect on the quality of the stem and flower bud of rosa cv. Samourai®. A randomized complete block design with five treatments and an absolute control with six repetitions was used for two consecutive years. Incidence and severity of the disease and biological effectiveness were evaluated; and floral quality with the length and diameter of flower stems and buds. The potassium phosphites evaluated reduced the incidence to 81.7% and the severity from 71.7 to 97%, which led to a biological effectiveness of 96.9% with FosfiMax 40-20®. The Defense Ax® treatment increased the length and diameter of the button compared to the other treatments.
References
Aegerter BJ, Nuñez JJ, Davis RM. 2003. Environmental factors affecting rose downy mildew and development of a forecasting model for a nursery production system. Plant Disease 87: 732-738. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.6.732
Álvarez-Romero PI, García-Velasco R, Mora-Herrera ME, González-Díaz JG, Salgado-Siclán ML. 2013. Estado actual de Peronospora sparsa, causante del Mildiu velloso en rosa (Rosa sp.). Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología 31: 113-125.
Álvarez-Romero PI, García-Velasco R, Mora-Herrera ME, Salgado-Siclán ML, Domínguez-Serrano D. 2018. Identification and alternative management of downy mildew in rose (Rosa spp.). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 9: 1577-1589. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v9i8.1715
Balzarini MG, Gonzalez L, Tablada M, Casanoves F, Di Rienzo JA, Robledo CW. 2008. Infostat. Manual del Usuario. Brujas. Córdoba, Argentina.
Carter MR. 2002. Soil quality for sustainable land management: Organic matter and aggregation interactions that maintain soil functions. Agronomy Journal 94: 38-47. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.3800
Castro RA, Fernández PPS, Osuna AP. 2012. Mecanismos de defensa del chile en el patosistema Capsicum annuum-Phytophthora capsici. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología 30: 49-65.
Chavarro-Carrero EA, García-Velasco R, González-Díaz JG, González-Cepeda LE, Jiménez-Ávila LJ. 2012. Uso del fosfito de potasio para el manejo de Peronospora sparsa en Rosa spp. Fitopatología Colombiana 36: 53-56.
De la Cruz-Guzmán GH, Arévalo-Galarza M, Peña-Valdivia CB, Castillo-González AM, Colinas-León MT, Mandujano-Piña M. 2015. Influencia del índice de cosecha en la vida de florero de siete cultivares de Rosa hybrida. AgroProductividad 8: 3-11.
Dobrowolski MP, Shearer BL, Colquhoun IJ, O’Brien PA, Hardy GEStJ. 2008. Selection for decreased sensitivity to phosphite in Phytophthora cinnamomi with prolonged use of fungicide. Plant Pathology 57: 928-936. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01883.x
Domínguez D, García R, Mora ME, Salgado ML. 2016. Identificación y alternativas de manejo de la cenicilla del rosal. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología 34: 22-42. https://doi.org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.1509-1
Eshraghi L, Anderson J, Aryamanesh N, Shearer B, McComb J, Hardy GE, O’Brien P. 2011. Phosphite primed defence responses and enhanced expression of defence genes in Arabidopsis thaliana infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi. Plant Pathology 60: 1086-1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02471.x
Estrada-Ortiz E, Trejo-Téllez LI, Gómez-Merino FC, Núñez-Escobar R, Sandoval-Villa M. 2012. Phosphite on growth and fruit quality in strawberry. Acta Horticulturae 947: 277-282. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2012.947.35
Estrada-Ortiz E, Trejo-Téllez LI, Gómez-Merino FC, Núñez-Escobar R, Sandoval-Villa M. 2013. The effects of phosphite on strawberry yield and fruit quality. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 13: 612-620. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-95162013005000049
Fenn ME, Coffey MD. 1984. Studies on the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of fosetyl-Al and phosphorous acid. Phytopathology 74: 606-611. https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-74-606
Guest DI, Bompeix G. 1990. The complex mode of action of phosphonates. Australasian Plant Pathology 19: 113-115. https://doi.org/10.1071/app9900113
Guest D, Grant B. 1991. The complex action of phosphonates as antifungal agents. Biological Reviews 66: 159-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.1991.tb01139.x
Halevy AH. 1989. Objective and subjective parameters of quality evaluation of cut flowers. Acta Horticulturae 261: 227-232. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.261.29
Horst K, Cloyd R. 2007. Compendium of Rose Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, USA.
[INIFAP-LNMYSR] Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias-Laboratorio Nacional de Modelaje y Sensores Remotos. [internet]. 2017. INIFAP- Campo Experimental Pabellón – Laboratorio Nacional de Modelaje y Sensores Remotos. Pabellón de Arteaga, Aguascalientes, México. [cited 2020 agosto 03]. Disponible en: https://clima.inifap.gob.mx/lnmysr
Jagger M, Richars K. 2007. Temporal analysis I: Quantifying and comparing epidemics. In: Madden VL, Hughes G, van den Bosch F, editors. The Study of Plant Disease Epidemics. St. Paul, The American Phytopathological Society. P. 63-116.
Lindqvist-Kreuze H, Koponen H, Valkonen J. 2002. Variability of Peronospora sparsa (syn. P. rubi) in Finland as measured by amplified fragment length polymorphism. European Journal of Plant Pathology 108: 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015621931579
Machinandiarena MF, Lobato MC, Feldman ML, Daleo GR, Andreu AB. 2012. Potassium phosphite primes defense responses in potato against Phythopthora infestans. Journal of Plant Physiolgy 169: 1417-1424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.05.005
Mohammadi MA, Han X, Zhang Z, Xi Y, Boorboori M, Wang-Pruski G. 2020. Phosphite Application alleviates Pythophthora infestans by modulation of photosynthetic and physio-biochemical metabolites in potato leaves. Pathogens 9: 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030170
Moor U, Põldma P, Tõnutare T, Karp K, Starast M, Vool E. 2009. Effect of phosphite fertilization on growth, yield and fruit composition of strawberries. Scientia Horticulturae 119: 264-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.08.005
Percival GC, Noviss K, Haynes I. 2009. Field evaluation of systemic inducing resistance chemicals at different growth stages for the control of apple (Venturia inaequalis) and pear (Venturia pirina) scab. Crop Protection 28: 629-633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2009.03.010
Quiroga BNJ, Arbeláez TG. 2004. Evaluación de la eficacia de fungicidas aplicados al suelo y al follaje para el control de mildeo velloso, ocasionado por Peronospora sparsa en un cultivo comercial de rosa. Agronomía Colombiana 22: 110-118.
Rebollar-Alviter A, Silva-Rojas HV, Zelaya-Molina LX, Ellis MA. 2009. First report of Peronospora sparsa causing downy mildew (dryberry) of Rubus fruticosus in Mexico. Plant Disease 93: 674. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-6-0674B
Rebollar-Alviter A, Silva-Rojas HV, López-Cruz I, Boyzo-Marín J, Ellis MA. 2012. Fungicide spray programs to manage downy mildew (dryberry) of blackberry caused by Peronospora sparsa. Crop Protection 42: 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.06.007
[SIAP] Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera. [internet]. 2020. Estacionalidad por año agrícola. Ciclo Agrícola: Perennes. Modalidad Hídrica: Riego + Temporal. [cited 2020 junio 30]. Disponible en: http://infosiap.siap.gob.mx:8080/agricola_siap_gobmx/AvanceNacionalCultivo.do
Smillie R, Grant B, Guest D. 1989. The mode of action of phosphite: Evidence for both direct and indirect
modes of action on three Phytophthora spp. plants. Phytopathology 79: 921-926. https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-79-921
Stehmann C, Grant BR. 2000. Inhibition of enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and hexose monophosphate bypass by phosphonate. Pesticide Biochemistry & Physiology 67: 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1006/pest.1999.2465
Tighe R, Montalba R, Leonelli G, Contreras A. 2014. Efecto de dos extractos botánicos en el desarrollo y contenido de polifenoles de ají (Capsicum annuum L.). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 5: 115-127. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v5i1.1015
Wilkinson CJ, Shearer BL, Jackson TJ, Hardy GESJ. 2001. Variation in sensitivity of Western Australian isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi to phosphite in vitro. Plant Pathology 50: 83-89. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00539.x
Yáñez MG, Ayala F, Partida L, Velázquez TdeJ, Godoy TP, Medina R. 2018. Efecto in vitro de fosfito de potasio sobre Athelia rolfsii y Pythium aphanidermatum. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 9: 1532-1538. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v9i7.286
