Fotogrametría con vehículos aéreos no tripulados para la caracterización estructural del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) en el trópico húmedo
Palabras clave:
Fotogrametría, agricultura de precisión, maíz, altura de planta, modelos digitalesResumen
El uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados se ha consolidado como una herramienta clave para el monitoreo agrícola de alta precisión. En este estudio, se aplicaron técnicas de fotogrametría digital mediante dron para estimar la altura de plantas de maíz (Zea mays L.) en condiciones tropicales de Tabasco, México. Las misiones se realizaron a 100 m de altura, con velocidad de 3.5 m s-1 e intervalo de disparo de 2 s, generando un traslape frontal del 95 %. Las imágenes se procesaron con algoritmos Structure from Motion y correlación multivista para generar la nube densa, el modelo digital de superficie, el modelo digital del terreno y el ortomosaico georreferenciado. La altura se obtuvo por diferencia altimétrica, con valores medios de 2.68 m, consistentes con el rango fisiológico del cultivo en el trópico húmedo. Las variaciones espaciales reflejaron heterogeneidad edáfica y manejo agronómico. Valores mayores observados (> 3.5 m) se atribuyeron a artefactos. La validación mostró un R2 de 0.96 y un RMSE de 0.205 m, confirmando su precisión.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Sergio Salgado-Velázquez, Fabiola Olvera-Rincón, Sabel Barrón-Freyre, Dante Sumano-López, Pablo Ulises Hernández-Lara, David Julián Palma-Cancino, Samuel Córdova-Sánchez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
