Sustitución de pasta de soya por Cannavalia ensiformis en el crecimiento, sobrevivencia y actividad enzimática de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Perciforme: Cichlidae)
Keywords:
Cannavalia ensiformis, crecimiento, enzimas digestivas, proteasas, Oreochromis niloticusAbstract
Cannavalia ensiformis posee características nutricionales como suplemento alimenticio en peces, es fuente de energía, proteína, vitaminas y minerales, pero posee factores antinutricionales, limitando su utilización. Se determinó el efecto de inclusión de Cannavalia cocida en crecimiento, supervivencia y actividad enzimática digestiva de Tilapia. Se sustituyó pasta de soya (PS) por harina de C. ensiformis cocida (HCe): T1 (0% HCe-100% PS), T2 (25% HCe-75% PS), T3 (50% HCe-50% PS), T4 (75% HCe-25% PS) y T5 (100% HCe-0% PS). Resultados indican el mejor crecimiento O. niloticus fue con T1. La supervivencia se vio afectada con T2 (91.1%) y 100% (94.4%) de HCe. La mayor actividad enzimática fue en T5 seguida de T2 en proteasas ácidas y alcalinas, la actividad de tripsina no fue significante, la actividad de quimotripsina mostró mayor actividad enzimática en T5, siendo significante en todos los tratamientos. Los resultados indican que el mejor nivel de inclusión de C. ensiformis es al 25%, crecimiento fue inversamente proporcional al porcentaje de inclusión.
References
Abdo de la Parra, M.I., Martínez-Palacios, C.A., Martínez-Rodríguez, I.E., GonzálezRodríguez, B., Olvera, M.A., Vásquez, M.L., Chávez-Sánchez, C., 1998. Advances in the use of the bean Canavalia maritima as a possible source of protein in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In: H. Grizel and P. Kestemont (eds.). Abstracts of the International Conference - Aquaculture Europe ‘98. European Aquaculture Society, Special Publication No. 26. Oostende, Belgium. pp. 2-3.
Akande, K.E., Fabiyi, E.F., 2010. Effect of Processing Methods on Some Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds for Poultry Feeding International Journal of Poultry Science, 9 (10): 996-1001.
Akinbiyi, A., 1992. The use of thermally-processed jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) in Nile tilapia diets. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Alarcón, F.J., Moyano, F.J., Díaz, M., 1999. Effect inhibitors presente in protein sources on digestive proteases of juvenile sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquatic Living Resources, 12 (4) 233-238.
Alarcón, F.J., García-Carreño, F.L., Navarrete del Toro, M.A., 2001. Effect of plant protease inhibitors on digestive proteases in two fish species, Lutjanus argentiventris and L. novemfasciatus. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 24: 179–189, 2001.
Alegbeleye, W.O., Oresegun, A., Ajimoti, O.D., 2001. An Assessment of Jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) meal as an ingredient in the diets for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) fingerlings. In: Eyo A.A. (Ed.), Fish Nutrition and Fish FeedTechnology, PP. 92–97. Proceedings of a National Symposium held at theNational Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR), Lagos, Nigeria, October 1999, Proceedings Series No. 1 NIOMR, Lagos.
Al-Saraji, A.Y.J., Nasir, N.A.N., 2013. Effect of different dietary proteins and fats on the digestive enzymes activities in the common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio L.) reared in floating cages. Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Science. 28(2): 121 – 130.
Anyanwu, D.C., Umeh, E.N., Offor, J.I., 2012. Growth and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fed dietary levels of jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) meal. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 11 (11): 1033-1036.
Anduaga-Cota, R., Cota-Gastélum, A.G., Falcón-Villa, M.R., Yánez-Farías, G., Barrón-Hoyos, M.J., 2002. Medición de dureza en frijol cocido con una celda de extrusión por alambres: propuesta de una celda de menor tamaño. Memorias del IV Congreso del Noroeste en Ciencias Alimentarias y Biotecnología. Hermosillo, Sonora. México.
Anson, M.L., 1938. The estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain and cathepsin with hemoglobin. The Journal of General Physiology 22, 79-89.
Asgeirsson, B., Bjarnason, J.B., 1991. Structural and kinetic properties of chymotrypsin from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Comparison with bovine chymotrypsin. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 99B (2), 327–335.
Bakke, A.M., Glover, C., Krogdahl, A., 2011. Feeding, digestion and absorption of nutrients. In: Grosell, M., et al. (Ed), Fish physiology, Academic Press, New York, 30: 57-110.
Chong, A.S.C., Hashim, G.R., Ali, A.B. Assessment of dry matter and protein digestibilities of selected raw ingredients by discus fish (Symphysodona equifasciata) using in vivo and in vitro methods. Aquaculture Nutrition. 8; 229-238.
Cruz-Suárez, L.E., Ricque-Marie, D., Tapia-Salazar, M., Mc Callum, I.M., Hickling, D., 2001. Assessment of differently processed feed pea (Pisum sativum) meals and canola meal (Braica sp.) in diets for bleu shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris). Aquaculture, 196:87-104.
Doss, A., Pugalenthi, M., Vadivel, V. G., Subhashini, G. and Anitha, Subash, R., 2011. Effects of processing technique on the nutritional composition and antinutrients content of under utilized food legume Canavalia ensiformis L.DC. International Food Research Journal 18(3): 965-970.
Elemo, G.N., Elemo, B.O., Erukainure, O.L., 2011. Activities of some enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and antinutritional factors from the seeds of sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca M.). African Journal of Biochemistry Research Vol. 5(3), pp. 86-89.
El-Sayed, A.F.M., Martínez, I.M., Moyano, F.J., 2000. Assessment of the effect of plant inhibitors on digestive proteases of Nile Tilapia using in vitro assays. Aquaculture International 8: 403–415.
Erlanger, B., Kokowsky, N., Cohen, W., 1961. The preparation and properties of two new chromogenic substrates of trypsin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 95, 271-278.
Fagbenro, O.A., Adeparusi, E.O., Jimoh, W.A., 2007. Evaluation and Nutrient quality of detoxified Jack bean (Canavalis ensiformis) seeds, cooked in distilled water or trona solution, as a substitute for soybean meal in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, diets. Journal of Applied Acuaculture, Vol. 19(2): 83-100.
FAO, 2012 Grassland species index. Canavalia ensiformis.
Francis, G., Makkar, H., Becker, K., 2001. Antinutrional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture 199:197-227.
García-Meilán, I., Valentín, J.M., Fontanillas, R., Gallardo, M.A., 2013. Different protein to energy ratio diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): Effects on digestive and absorptive processes. Aquaculture 412(413): 1–7.
Garg, S.K., Kalla, A., Bhatnagar., 2002. Evaluation of raw and hydrothermically procesed leguminous seeds as supplementary feed for the growth of two Indian major carp species. Aquaculture Research. 33: 151-163.
Kikuchi, K., 1999. Use of defatted soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in diets of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), Aquaculture, 179:3-11.
Köprücü, K., Özdemir, Y., 2005. Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 250, 308–316.
Martínez-Palacios, C.A., Galván-Cruz, R., Olvera-Novoa, M.A., Chávez-Martinez, C., 1988. The use of jack bean (Cannavalia ensiformis Leguminosae) meal as a partial substitute for fish in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Cichlidae). Centro de investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. Unidad Mérida, Apdo. Postal 73 Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán México. Aquaculture, 68: 165-175.
Martínez-Palacios, C.A., Chávez-Sánchez, M.C., Olvera-Novoa, M.A., Abdo de la Parra, M.I., 2000. Fuentes alternativas de proteínas vegetales como substitutos de la harina de pescado para la alimentación en acuicultura. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental del CIAD, A.C. Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México.
Mohammadinafchi, F., Mohammadiazarm, H., Yavari, V., Salati1, A., Zanguee N., 2014. Effect replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and baker's yeast on digestive enzymes activity and biochemical body composition of juveniles (Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi Günther, 1874). International Journal of Biosciences Vol. 5, No. 5, p. 128-138.
Moyano, F.J., Díaz, M., Alarcon, F.J., Sarasquete, M.C., 1996. Characterization of digestive enzyme activity during larval development of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Fish Physiology Biochemistry. 15, 121-130.
Moyano-López, F.J., Díaz, M., Díaz-López, M., Alarcón-López, F.J., 1999. Inhibition of digestive proteases by vegetable meals in three fish species; seabream (Sparus aurata), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African sole (Solea senegalensis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B 122. 327–332.
Moyano-López, F.J., 2006. Bioquímica digestiva en especies acuacultivadas: aplicaciones en nutrición. VIII Simposio Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola. 15 – 17 de Noviembre. Nuevo León. Monterrey. México.
Ndidi, U.S., Ndidi, C.U., Aliyu, A.O., Billy, M.F.G., Okpe, O., 2014. Proximate Antinutrients and Mineral Composition of Raw and Processed (Boiled and Roasted) Sphenosty lisstenocarpa Seeds from Southern Kaduna, Northwest Nigeria. ISRN nutrition Vol (2014), Article ID 280837, 9.
Okomoda, V.T., Tiamiyu, L.O., Uma, S.G., 2016. Effects of hydrothermal processing on nutritional value of Canavalia ensiformis and its utilization by Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings. Journal of Aquaculture Engeniering and Fisheries Research. 3 (1), 214–219.
Olvera-Novoa, M.A., Olivera-Castillo, L. 2000. Potencialidad del uso de las leguminosas como fuente proteica en alimentos para peces. 327-348 pp.
Osuigwe, D.I., Obiekezie, A.I., Ogunji, J.O., 2002. Preliminary evaluation of Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) seed meal as a substitute for fishmeal in diets for Clarias gariepinus In: Challenges to organic farming Deutscher Tropentag, Oct. 9–11,2002 in Kassel Witzenhause.
Pérez, J.J., Wicki, G.A., Moyano, F.J., Alarcón, F.J., 2003. Evaluación del efecto de inhibidores de proteasa presentes en ingredientes vegetales utilizables en piensos para dos especies piscícolas cultivadas en Argentina; Pacú (Piaractus mesopotamicus) y Pejerrey (Odontesthes bonaeriensis). II Congreso Iberoamericano Virtual de Acuicultura. CIVA 2003. 442-454.
Rodiles, A., Santigosa, E., Herrera, M., Hachero-Cruzado, I., Cordero, M.L., Martínez-Llorens, S., 2012. Effect of dietary protein level and source on digestive proteolytic enzyme activity in juvenile Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup 1850. Aquaculture International 20: 1053–1070.
Rosenthal GA (1992) Non-Protein amino acids in the life processes of higherplants. In: Singh, B.K. (Ed.), Biosynthesis and Molecular Regulation of AminoAcids in Plants. American Soc. of plant Physiologists, Rockville, M.D, pp. 249–261.
Tacon AGJ, Webster JL, Martinez CA (1984) Use of solvent extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Aquaculture, 43: 381-389.
Tiamiyu LO, Okomoda VT, Akpa PO (2016) Nutritional profile of toasted Canavalia ensiformis seed and its potential as partially replacement for soybean in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Brazil. Journal of aquatic science and technology. 20(2).
Thiessen DL, Campbell, Adelizi PD (2003) Digestibility and growth performance of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykis) fed with pea and canola products. Aquaculture nutrition, 9:67-75.
Udedibie, A.B.I., 1990. Nutritional evaluation of jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) for poultry industry in Nigeria. AMBIO, 19:361-365.
Udedibie, A.B.I., Nkwocha, C.O., 1990. Comparativestudy of jack bean (C. ensiformis) and sword bean (C.gladiata) as protein supplements for young broiler chicks. Agriculture Journal 24:7-14.
Udensi EA, Ekwu FC, Isinguzo JN, (2007) Antinutrient factors of vegetable cowpea (Sesquipedalis) seeds during thermal processing. Pakistani journal of nutrition. 6 (2), 194–197.
Urbano G, Aranda P, Gómez-Villalva E, Frejnagel, Porres JM, Frías J, Vidal- Valverde C, López- Jurado M (2003) Nutritional evaluation of pea (Pisum ativum L.) protein diet after mild hydrothermal and with and without added phytase. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51:2415-2420.
Walter, H.E., 1984. Proteinases: methods with hemoglobin, casein and azocoll as substrates. En: Bergmeyern, H. J. Editor., 1984. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Vol. V, Verlag Chemie. Weinham. 270-277.
Wyss, U., Bicjel, H., 1988. Ripe beans of Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) as feed ingredient for monogastric animals. Animal Feed Science and Technology 20: 325- 326.
